ProjectMD/Assets/Scripts/Utilities/PhysicsQueryUtility.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

/// <summary>
/// Utility class for common physics queries.
/// Eliminates repeated OverlapSphere patterns across the codebase.
/// </summary>
public static class PhysicsQueryUtility
{
    // Reusable buffer to avoid allocations (32 should be enough for most cases)
    private static readonly Collider[] OverlapBuffer = new Collider[32];

    /// <summary>
    /// Find the closest object implementing interface T within radius.
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T">Interface or component type to search for</typeparam>
    /// <param name="origin">Center point of the search</param>
    /// <param name="radius">Search radius</param>
    /// <param name="layerMask">Layer mask to filter objects</param>
    /// <returns>Closest object of type T, or null if none found</returns>
    public static T FindClosest<T>(Vector3 origin, float radius, LayerMask layerMask) where T : class
    {
        int count = Physics.OverlapSphereNonAlloc(origin, radius, OverlapBuffer, layerMask);

        T closest = null;
        float minDistSqr = float.MaxValue;

        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
        {
            T component = OverlapBuffer[i].GetComponentInParent<T>();
            if (component != null)
            {
                float distSqr = (origin - OverlapBuffer[i].transform.position).sqrMagnitude;
                if (distSqr < minDistSqr)
                {
                    minDistSqr = distSqr;
                    closest = component;
                }
            }
        }

        return closest;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Find the closest object implementing interface T within radius, also returning distance.
    /// </summary>
    public static T FindClosest<T>(Vector3 origin, float radius, LayerMask layerMask, out float distance) where T : class
    {
        int count = Physics.OverlapSphereNonAlloc(origin, radius, OverlapBuffer, layerMask);

        T closest = null;
        float minDistSqr = float.MaxValue;

        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
        {
            T component = OverlapBuffer[i].GetComponentInParent<T>();
            if (component != null)
            {
                float distSqr = (origin - OverlapBuffer[i].transform.position).sqrMagnitude;
                if (distSqr < minDistSqr)
                {
                    minDistSqr = distSqr;
                    closest = component;
                }
            }
        }

        distance = closest != null ? Mathf.Sqrt(minDistSqr) : 0f;
        return closest;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Execute action on all objects of type T within radius.
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T">Interface or component type to search for</typeparam>
    /// <param name="origin">Center point of the search</param>
    /// <param name="radius">Search radius</param>
    /// <param name="layerMask">Layer mask to filter objects</param>
    /// <param name="action">Action to execute on each found object</param>
    public static void ForEachInRadius<T>(Vector3 origin, float radius, LayerMask layerMask, Action<T> action) where T : class
    {
        int count = Physics.OverlapSphereNonAlloc(origin, radius, OverlapBuffer, layerMask);

        // Track processed objects to avoid duplicates (same object hit by multiple colliders)
        var processed = new HashSet<T>();

        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
        {
            T component = OverlapBuffer[i].GetComponentInParent<T>();
            if (component != null && !processed.Contains(component))
            {
                processed.Add(component);
                action(component);
            }
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Execute action on all objects of type T within radius, with additional context.
    /// </summary>
    public static void ForEachInRadius<T>(Vector3 origin, float radius, LayerMask layerMask,
        Action<T, Collider> action) where T : class
    {
        int count = Physics.OverlapSphereNonAlloc(origin, radius, OverlapBuffer, layerMask);

        var processed = new HashSet<T>();

        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
        {
            T component = OverlapBuffer[i].GetComponentInParent<T>();
            if (component != null && !processed.Contains(component))
            {
                processed.Add(component);
                action(component, OverlapBuffer[i]);
            }
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Get all objects of type T within radius.
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T">Interface or component type to search for</typeparam>
    /// <param name="origin">Center point of the search</param>
    /// <param name="radius">Search radius</param>
    /// <param name="layerMask">Layer mask to filter objects</param>
    /// <returns>List of all objects of type T within radius</returns>
    public static List<T> FindAllInRadius<T>(Vector3 origin, float radius, LayerMask layerMask) where T : class
    {
        var results = new List<T>();
        int count = Physics.OverlapSphereNonAlloc(origin, radius, OverlapBuffer, layerMask);

        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
        {
            T component = OverlapBuffer[i].GetComponentInParent<T>();
            if (component != null && !results.Contains(component))
            {
                results.Add(component);
            }
        }

        return results;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Find all objects of type T within radius, sorted by distance (closest first).
    /// </summary>
    public static List<T> FindAllInRadiusSorted<T>(Vector3 origin, float radius, LayerMask layerMask) where T : class
    {
        int count = Physics.OverlapSphereNonAlloc(origin, radius, OverlapBuffer, layerMask);

        var resultsWithDistance = new List<(T component, float distSqr)>();

        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
        {
            T component = OverlapBuffer[i].GetComponentInParent<T>();
            if (component != null)
            {
                bool alreadyAdded = false;
                foreach (var item in resultsWithDistance)
                {
                    if (ReferenceEquals(item.component, component))
                    {
                        alreadyAdded = true;
                        break;
                    }
                }

                if (!alreadyAdded)
                {
                    float distSqr = (origin - OverlapBuffer[i].transform.position).sqrMagnitude;
                    resultsWithDistance.Add((component, distSqr));
                }
            }
        }

        // Sort by distance
        resultsWithDistance.Sort((a, b) => a.distSqr.CompareTo(b.distSqr));

        var results = new List<T>(resultsWithDistance.Count);
        foreach (var item in resultsWithDistance)
        {
            results.Add(item.component);
        }

        return results;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Check if any object of type T exists within radius.
    /// </summary>
    public static bool AnyInRadius<T>(Vector3 origin, float radius, LayerMask layerMask) where T : class
    {
        int count = Physics.OverlapSphereNonAlloc(origin, radius, OverlapBuffer, layerMask);

        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
        {
            if (OverlapBuffer[i].GetComponentInParent<T>() != null)
            {
                return true;
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Count objects of type T within radius.
    /// </summary>
    public static int CountInRadius<T>(Vector3 origin, float radius, LayerMask layerMask) where T : class
    {
        int count = Physics.OverlapSphereNonAlloc(origin, radius, OverlapBuffer, layerMask);

        var processed = new HashSet<T>();

        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
        {
            T component = OverlapBuffer[i].GetComponentInParent<T>();
            if (component != null)
            {
                processed.Add(component);
            }
        }

        return processed.Count;
    }
}